提升三相并网逆变器稳定性的阻抗优化控制策略

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摘要三相并网逆变器通常采用数字控制,由于数字控制延时带来的负阻尼效应,并网逆变器在并网时容易与电网阻抗（容抗）相互作用产生高频谐振,严重影响并网系统的安全稳定运行。针对控制器延时带来的负阻尼问题,本文忽略逆变器的低频耦合影响,建立高频阻抗模型,揭示高频谐振机理,结果表明,延时带来的负阻尼在谐振峰处与电网阻抗交互作用,存在高频谐振风险。为了提升高频谐振稳定性,基于控制环路无源化设计思想,对并网电流环控制进行近似高频无源化复合阻抗重塑,并给出参数设计过程,通过改造控制环路实现对系统高频负阻尼的近似抵消,提升系统的稳定运行能力。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。

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关键词 ：三相并网逆变器, 高频谐振, 谐振机理, 阻抗重塑, 阻抗优化控制

Abstract：Three-phase grid-connected inverters are usually digitally controlled, and due to the negative damping effect brought about by the digital control delay, grid-connected inverters are prone to interact with the grid impedance (capacitive reactance) to produce high-frequency harmonic resonance when they are connected to the grid, which seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the power system. For the negative damping problem brought about by the controller delay, the low-frequency coupling effect of the inverter is ignored, and a high-frequency impedance model is established to reveal the high-frequency resonance mechanism, and the results show that the negative damping brought about by the delay exists a high-frequency resonance risk in the resonance peak interacting with the grid impedance. To improve the high-frequency resonance stability, based on the idea of passive design of the control loop, an approximate high-frequency passive composite impedance shaping is carried out for the grid-connected current loop control, and the parameter design process is given. An approximate high-frequency negative damping offset is achieved by modifying the control loop to enhance the stable operation capability of the system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with Matlab/Simulink.

Key words： three-phase grid-connected inverters high-frequency resonance resonance mechanism impedance reshaping impedance optimization control

收稿日期: 2024-09-24

作者简介: 陈宇飞（1990—）,男,江苏省南京市人,硕士,中级工程师,主要从事光伏/储能变流器运行与控制工作。

引用本文:

陈宇飞, 陶天越. 提升三相并网逆变器稳定性的阻抗优化控制策略[J]. 电气技术, 2025, 26(4): 20-28. CHEN Yufei, TAO Tianyue. An impedance optimization control strategy for enhancing the stability of three-phase grid-connected inverters. Electrical Engineering, 2025, 26(4): 20-28.

链接本文:

https://dqjs.cesmedia.cn/CN/Y2025/V26/I4/20

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