基于液态金属的小型智能传感器电磁屏蔽原理与性能研究

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摘要在智能电网中,传感器是实现状态监测与信息采集的重要单元,但是其工作环境常伴随强电磁干扰,易导致信号失真甚至功能失效。针对这一问题,本文通过液态金属与微流控技术,明确液态金属屏蔽原理,设计线栅型液态金属屏蔽层,开展参数化仿真研究并进行实验验证。在仿真部分,系统分析线栅宽度、间距和高度对屏蔽性能的影响,明确屏蔽层设计的关键参数。在实验部分,利用10 kV静电场与0.1~1 mT低频磁场测试平台,分别以应变（电容）传感器和温度（电阻）传感器为对象,对屏蔽层在电场与磁场干扰下的屏蔽性能进行验证。结果表明,线栅型液态金属屏蔽层能够显著提升传感器在强电磁环境下的抗干扰能力,可应用于电力系统传感器及关键设备的电磁防护设计。

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	叶子
	杨乾泓
	李振明
	刘昌林
	桂林

关键词 ：液态金属, 电磁屏蔽, 微型传感器, 电力系统, 智能化

Abstract：In smart grids, sensors are essntial units for state monitoring and information acquisition, but their operating environment is often accompanied by strong electromagnetic interference, which can easily lead to signal distortion or even functional failure. To address this issue, this paper employs liquid metal combined with microfluidic technology to elucidate the shielding principle of liquid metal, designs a line-grid liquid metal shielding layer, and conducts parametric simulations and performs experimental validation. In the simulation part, the effects of grid width, spacing, and height on shielding performance are systematically analyzed, and the key design parameters of the shielding layer are identified. In the experimental part, a 10 kV electrostatic field and a 0.1~1 mT low-frequency magnetic field test platform are utilized, and the shielding performance against electric and magnetic interference is verified using strain (capacitive) and temperature (resistive) sensors. The results demonstrate that the line-grid liquid metal shielding layer can significantly enhance the anti-interference capability of sensors in strong electromagnetic environments, making it suitable for electromagnetic protection design of sensors and key equipment in power systems.

Key words： liquid metal electromagnetic shielding micro sensors power systems intelligence

收稿日期: 2025-09-20

基金资助:国家电网有限公司科技项目（5700-202155453A-0-0-00）

作者简介: 叶子（1992—）,女,博士,项目副研究员,主要从事液态金属传感器在智能电网应用方面的研究工作。

引用本文:

叶子, 杨乾泓, 李振明, 刘昌林, 桂林. 基于液态金属的小型智能传感器电磁屏蔽原理与性能研究[J]. 电气技术, 2026, 27(4): 1-11. YE Zi, YANG Qianhong, LI Zhenming, LIU Changlin, GUI Lin. Study on the principle and performance of liquid metal-based electromagnetic shielding for miniaturized intelligent sensors. Electrical Engineering, 2026, 27(4): 1-11.

链接本文:

https://dqjs.cesmedia.cn/CN/Y2026/V27/I4/1

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